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The Portuguese and Spanish navigation from Europe to East Asia and America opened the early globalization, one of the most important periods of cultural interaction in human history. The broad and deep maritime cultural exchange and conflict between…

The famous quotation, ―A picture speaks a thousand words‖ illustrates how effective visual communication is in delivering messages. If properly managed, visual communication tools may persuade public perception and inform audience opinion. In…

In early 1607 when the East India Company was preparing to send its first fleet to India, four Asian men were already in London and requested work on these ships as a means to getting home. The men all had Portuguese names; Marcus, John Mendes, John…

This study is the second part of investigative research into early Asian presence in the Atlantic. The first investigation focused on the islands of Macaronesia (Canary Islands, Madeira, Azores and Cape Verde Islands), and resulted in a better…

Seaways, especially monsoonal ones, allow movement on two directions. However Eurocentric approaches have tended to create hierarchies of cultures which have biased movements in particular directions to the historical exclusion of some narratives.…

A strategy for promoting the adoption of the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, is the adoption of a Model Law; one that also promotes uniformity, consistency and ease of use. This, however, is a challenge in the…

The legal framework for the protection of the underwater cultural heritage has gained momentum throughout the Asia-Pacific with a number of States turning their attention to this issue. For some this is due to concerns raised though specific…

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